Also, functional grading was applied by equally distributing the thickness of the bituminous pavement layers without changing the number of sub-layers. ![]() Control and graded sections were analyzed using the mechanistic–empirical method, and the results were compared considering the decrease in horizontal tensile strains at the bituminous pavement–base interface and the increase in fatigue-related pavement life. In the stepwise grading application by dividing the main layer into sub-layers, the number of sub-layers were not increased due to the limitations in field applications, and the thicknesses recommended by the AASHTO-93 method were followed. ![]() In this study, in which the functional grading approach used to reduce the stiffness ratio between layers, the bituminous layers of a conventional pavement section are graded with an exponential function. Relatively high ratios between layer thicknesses and stiffnesses in the pavement sections suggested by the AASHTO-93 design method cause stress concentrations in the layer interfaces, which shortens the life of the pavement.
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